The present study is capturing the defining elements of the concept of human capital as they are seen from different approaches and perspectives, conducted by researchers in the field. For this purpose, twenty-three research articles from scientific journals and relevant legislation of the last three years have been closely studied. Any source taken from previous books was quoted only when we considered it to be a representative element of reference. This is a
fundamental study with a positivist epistemological approach. The final part of the study outlines a series of conclusions on the current state concerningthe directions of approach, the meaning, the defining elements and the forms of recognition, and also the implications of human capital on economic and social development. After consulting the literature on human capital problem, it was concluded that this is a current and frequently approached issue, representing the main source of innovation, flexibility and economic growth. Assuming the fact that the development of a society is practically impossible without the direct involvement of human factor, the present study deals in a modest manner with the literary approaches on the defining elements that can be associated with the term human capital. This study aims to highlight not only the most important aspects and elements that contribute to human capital creation, but also the factors that define it and give it substance.